At the heart of every dynamic Angular application lies **Data Binding**. It is the mechanism that coordinates communication between a component's TypeScript code (logic) and its HTML template (view). Without it, you would be manually manipulating the DOM like in the days of vanilla JavaScript or jQuery.

One-Way Data Binding

Both **Interpolation** and **Property Binding** are forms of one-way data binding. Data flows in a single direction: **from the Component to the Template**. Any change in the component's properties is automatically reflected in the view, but changes in the view (unless using Event Binding) do not affect the component.

Interpolation: {{ value }}

Interpolation allows you to embed dynamic string values into your HTML templates. Angular evaluates the expression inside the double curly braces and converts the result to a string.

• Used for text content inside headers, paragraphs, spans, etc.
• Can execute basic logic (e.g., {{ 1 + 1 }}) or string concatenation.
• Should not be used for side effects or assigning variables.

Property Binding: [property]="value"

While interpolation works for text, **Property Binding** is used to control DOM properties. It allows you to set the values of attributes such as `src`, `href`, `disabled`, `hidden`, or even pass data to child components via `@Input`.

<button [disabled]="!isValid">
  Submit
</button>

<button disabled="{{!isValid}}">
  Submit
</button>

Attributes vs. Properties

A key concept in Angular is the difference between HTML **Attributes** and DOM **Properties**. Attributes initialize DOM properties and then they are done. Properties are the current state of the DOM element. Property Binding binds to the **Property**, which is why it is so powerful for managing dynamic state.

Security Note: Angular’s data binding automatically sanitizes values to prevent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). It recognizes unsafe HTML and strips it out before rendering, keeping your users safe by default.